Insects:Key(TEXT)

Insect Pest Key

Key to Phyla, Classes and Orders of Insect and Other Organism Crop Pests

INSECT_KEY:_ADULT_INSECT_PESTS

Key to Phyla, Classes and Orders of Mature (Adult) Stages of Insect and Other Organism Crop Pests

'Use Table of Contents

WINGS WINGED

Wings present; anterior pair of wings may be membranous, or leathery or hard and cover membranous hind pair of wings ..............Phylum Arthropoda, in part; Class Insects

ONE_PAIR ONE PAIR OF WINGS

DIPTERA/MALE_SCALES Diptera and male scales

With only one pair of membranous wings, the anterior pair; the hind wings represented by a small, clublike balancing organ (often small and difficult to see)

Insects:Information#Agromyzidae_Family_Agromyzidae:

Insects:Information#Anthomyiidae_Family_Anthomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Cecidomyiidae_Family_Cecidomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Culicidae_Family_Culicidae:

Insects:Information#Drosophilidae_Family_Drosophilidae:

Insects:Information#Muscidae_Family_Muscidae:

Insects:Information#Otitidae_Family_Otitidae:

Insects:Information#Syrphidae_Family_Syrphidae:

Insects:Information#Tachinidae_Family_Tachinidae:

Insects:Information#Tephritidae_Family_Tephritidae:

TWO_PAIR TWO PAIR OF WINGS

With two pairs of wings that may be similar in size, or front wings larger; front wings often membranous, or leather or hard, and cover membranous hind pair of wings

FRINGED/FEATHERLIKE FRINGED OR FEATHERLIKE

THYSANOPTERA Thysanoptera

Both front and hind pairs of wings similar in size, narrow and pointed, and and with few veins or none, margins fringed with long hairs so they are featherlike

Insects:Information#Thripidae_Family_Thripidae:

MEMBRANOUS MEMBRANOUS

NEUROPTERA Neuroptera

Front and hind pairs of wings of similar size, long, with many veins and cross-veins; without scales or long hairs on membranous portion of wings; wings held rooflike over body

Insects:Information#Chrysopidae_Family_Chrysopidae:

Insects:Information#Hemerobiidae_Family_Hemerobiidae:

LEPIDOPTERA Lepidoptera

Body and all four wings usually covered with scales that form distinct patterns, these scales rub off onto the fingers dustlike; sometimes wings clear, without scales or hairs; usually with a conspicuous coiled tubelike proboscis

Insects:Information#Arctiidae_Family_Arctiidae:

Insects:Information#Gelechiidae_Family_Gelechiidae:

Insects:Information#Geometridae_Family_Geometridae:

Insects:Information#Gracillariidae_Family_Gracillariidae:

Insects:Information#Lasiocampidae_Family_Lasiocampidae:

Insects:Information#Limacodidae_Family_Limacodidae:

Insects:Information#Lymantriidae_Family_Lymantriidae:

Insects:Information#Noctuidae_Family_Noctuidae:

Insects:Information#Notodontidae_Family_Notodontidae:

Insects:Information#Pieridae_Family_Pieridae:

Insects:Information#Plutellidae_Family_Plutellidae:

Insects:Information#Psychidae_Family_Psychidae:

Insects:Information#Pyralidae_Family_Pyralidae:

Insects:Information#Saturniidae_Family_Saturniidae:

Insects:Information#Sesiidae_Family_Sesiidae:

Insects:Information#Sphingidae_Family_Sphingidae:

Insects:Information#Tineidae_Family_Tineidae:

Insects:Information#Tortricidae_Family_Tortricidae:

Insects:Information#Zygaenidae_Family_Zygaenidae:

HEMIPTERA_(SUBORDER_HOMOPTERA) Hemipter (Suborder Homoptera)

Front wing of nearly uniform texture all over, the tips of the two wings overlap only slightly, at most, or not at all when at rest; needlelike beak arises from hind part of head and often appears to arise between bases of front legs

Insects:Information#Aleyrodidae_Family_Aleyrodidae:

Insects:Information#Aphididae_Family_Aphididae:

Insects:Information#Cercopidae_Family_Cercopidae:

Insects:Information#Cicadellidae_Family_Cicadellidae:

Insects:Information#Coccidae_Family_Coccidae:

Insects:Information#Diaspididae_Family_Diaspididae:

Insects:Information#Margarodidae_Family_Margarodidae:

Insects:Information#Pseudococcidae_Family_Pseudococcidae:

Insects:Information#Psyllidae_Family_Psyllidae:

Insects:Information#Triozidae_Family_Triozidae:

HYMENOPTERA Hymenoptera

Body and all four wings usually clear and not covered with conspicuous scales or hairs that rub off onto the fingers dustlike; if wings with patterns then these formed by pigments; front and hind wings connected together by a series of hooks; many forms have a narrow connection between abdomen and thorax

Insects:Information#Suborder_Symphyta_Family_Suborder_Symphyta:

Insects:Information#Suborder_Apocrita_Family_Suborder_Apocrita:

LEATHERLIKE(HARD) HARD, LEATHERLIKE, BRITTLE

COLEOPTERA Coleoptera

Front wings without veins, horny, hard and brittle, and form a covering for hind wings; hard front wings usually meet in a straight line down middle of back of body; hind wings membranous, longer that front wings, with few veins, and fold up to be covered by front wings when at rest

Insects:Information#Anobiidae_Family_Anobiidae:

Insects:Information#Brentidae_Family_Brentidae:

Insects:Information#Bruchidae_Family_Bruchidae:

Insects:Information#Chrysomelidae_Family_Chrysomelidae:

Insects:Information#Coccinellidae_Family_Coccinellidae:

Insects:Information#Curculionidae_Family_Curculionidae:

Insects:Information#Dermestidae_Family_Dermestidae:

Insects:Information#Elateridae_Family_Elateridae:

Insects:Information#Meloidae_Family_Meloidae:

Insects:Information#Nitidulidae_Family_Nitidulidae:

Insects:Information#Scarabaeidae_Family_Scarabaeidae:

Insects:Information#Scolytidae_Family_Scolytidae:

Insects:Information#Silvanidae_Family_Silvanidae:

Insects:Information#Tenebrionidae_Family_Tenebrionidae:

HEMIPTERA_(SUBORDER_HETEROPTERA) Hemiptera (Suborder Heteroptera)

Front wing usually leathery at base and membranous at tip, the tips of the two wings often overlapping when at rest; needlelike beak arises from front part of head

Insects:Information#Anthocoridae_Family_Anthocoridae:

Insects:Information#Coreidae_Family_Coreidae:

Insects:Information#Lygaeidae_Family_Lygaeidae:

Insects:Information#Miridae_Family_Miridae:

Insects:Information#Nabidae_Family_Nabidae:

Insects:Information#Pentatomidae_Family_Pentatomidae:

Insects:Information#Reduviidae_Family_Reduviidae:

Insects:Information#Rhopalidae_Family_Rhopalidae:

Insects:Information#Tingidae_Family_Tingidae:

DERMAPTERA Dermaptera

Front wings short and somewhat leathery, leaving most of abdomen visible; tip of abdomen with forcepslike processes

Insects:Information#Forficulidae_Family_Forficulidae:

JUMPING_LEGS JUMPING LEGS

ORTHOPTERA Orthoptera

Hindlegs adapted for jumping; front wings straight and rather narrow, parchmentlike in texture; hind wings broad, membranous and fanlike; males with sound producing organs

Insects:Information#Acrididae_Family_Acrididae:

Insects:Information#Gryllidae_Family_Gryllidae:

Insects:Information#Tettigoniidae_Family_Tettigoniidae:

WALKING_LEGS WALKING LEGS

BLATTODEA Blattodea

Body broad and flattened; legs used for walking, not jumping

Insects:Information#Blattellidae_Family_Blattellidae:

Insects:Information#Blattidae_Family_Blattidae:

STICKLIKE STICKLIKE

MANTODEA Mantodea

Hindlegs adapted for slow walking, not jumping; thorax long; front legs with strong spines and are adapted for grasping prey

Insects:Information#Mantidae_Family_Mantidae:

WINGLESS WINGLESS

Wings absent, or greatly reduced and nonfunctional

ACARI Acari

With four pairs of legs; body seemingly composed of a single piece, i.e., the head, thorax and abdomen are fused into a continuous body region devoid of distinct external segmentation .....Class Arachnida

Insects:Information#Acaridae_Family_Acaridae:

Insects:Information#Eriophyidae_Family_Eriophyidae:

Insects:Information#Penthaleidae_Family_Penthaleidae:

Insects:Information#Ixodidae_Family_Ixodidae:

Insects:Information#Tarsonemidae_Family_Tarsonemidae:

Insects:Information#Tenuipalpidae_Family_Tenuipalpidae:

Insects:Information#Tetranychidae_Family_Tetranychidae:

ARANEAE Araneae

Spiders have eight legs (four pairs), their body regions consist of a cephalothorax (fused head with thorax) and an abdomen. All have a pair of jawlike structures (chelicerae) which are a hollow claw-like fang through which venom can be ejected. The tip of the abdomen has silk spinning glands. Spiders vary in size, shape and color, and lack wings and antennae. Males are usually smaller than females.

Insects:Information#Araneae_Family_Araneae:

BLATTODEA Blattodea

Hind legs shorter, adapted for walking not jumping; body flattened (roaches)

Insects:Information#Blattellidae_Family_Blattellidae:

Insects:Information#Blattidae_Family_Blattidae:

COLLEMBOLA Collembola

Body elongate or oval, with six or fewer segments, and usually with a forked process (furcula) near end of abdomen on underside and with a clasperlike holdfast (tenaculum) toward the front of the abdomen, which are used for jumping or springing movements (springtails)

Insects:Information#Collembola_Family_Collembola:

COLEOPTERA Coleoptera

Front wings represented by hard, horny or opaque wing covers; flying or membranous wings absent (beetles)

Insects:Information#Anobiidae_Family_Anobiidae:

Insects:Information#Brentidae_Family_Brentidae:

Insects:Information#Bruchidae_Family_Bruchidae:

Insects:Information#Chrysomelidae_Family_Chrysomelidae:

Insects:Information#Coccinellidae_Family_Coccinellidae:

Insects:Information#Curculionidae_Family_Curculionidae:

Insects:Information#Dermestidae_Family_Dermestidae:

Insects:Information#Elateridae_Family_Elateridae:

Insects:Information#Meloidae_Family_Meloidae:

Insects:Information#Nitidulidae_Family_Nitidulidae:

Insects:Information#Scarabaeidae_Family_Scarabaeidae:

Insects:Information#Scolytidae_Family_Scolytidae:

Insects:Information#Silvanidae_Family_Silvanidae:

Insects:Information#Tenebrionidae_Family_Tenebrionidae:

DERMAPTERA Dermaptera

Abdomen ending in a pair of strong, pincherlike jaws or forceps (earwigs)

Insects:Information#Forficulidae_Family_Forficulidae:

DIPLOPODA Diplopoda

Body elongate and wormlike, cylindrical or slightly flattened; head small but usually distinct, with short but distinct antennae; the thorax is inconspicuous; body segments have fused into pairs so that each apparent segment has two pairs of legs, most millipedes having 30 or more pairs of legs. The reproductive organs open behind the second pair of legs

Insects:Information#Diplopoda_Family_Diplopoda:

DIPTERA Diptera

Antennae concealed in grooves; globular, appearing as a single segment, but usually with a terminal or subterminal hair; abdomen with or without distinct segmentation (wingless or short winged flies)

Insects:Information#Agromyzidae_Family_Agromyzidae:

Insects:Information#Anthomyiidae_Family_Anthomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Cecidomyiidae_Family_Cecidomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Culicidae_Family_Culicidae:

Insects:Information#Drosophilidae_Family_Drosophilidae:

Insects:Information#Muscidae_Family_Muscidae:

Insects:Information#Otitidae_Family_Otitidae:

Insects:Information#Syrphidae_Family_Syrphidae:

Insects:Information#Tachinidae_Family_Tachinidae:

Insects:Information#Tephritidae_Family_Tephritidae:

HEMIPTERA_(SUBORDER_HETEROPTERA) Hemiptera (Suborder Heteroptera)

Head distinct, with beak arising from front part of head; abdomen without cornicles (short tubelike processes), and body not covered with waxy filaments, or plates, or by a detachable scale (wingless bugs)

Insects:Information#Anthocoridae_Family_Anthocoridae:

Insects:Information#Coreidae_Family_Coreidae:

Insects:Information#Lygaeidae_Family_Lygaeidae:

Insects:Information#Miridae_Family_Miridae:

Insects:Information#Nabidae_Family_Nabidae:

Insects:Information#Pentatomidae_Family_Pentatomidae:

Insects:Information#Reduviidae_Family_Reduviidae:

Insects:Information#Rhopalidae_Family_Rhopalidae:

Insects:Information#Tingidae_Family_Tingidae:

HEMIPTERA_(SUBORDER_HOMOPTERA) Hemiptera (Suborder Homoptera)

Head, if distinct, with beak arising from hind part of head, and abdomen often with a pair of short, tubelike cornicles (aphids); if head indistinct then antennae and legs short, and body often covered by waxy filaments, or plates, or by a detachable scale (scales)

Insects:Information#Aleyrodidae_Family_Aleyrodidae:

Insects:Information#Aphididae_Family_Aphididae:

Insects:Information#Cercopidae_Family_Cercopidae:

Insects:Information#Cicadellidae_Family_Cicadellidae:

Insects:Information#Coccidae_Family_Coccidae:

Insects:Information#Diaspididae_Family_Diaspididae:

Insects:Information#Margarodidae_Family_Margarodidae:

Insects:Information#Pseudococcidae_Family_Pseudococcidae:

Insects:Information#Psyllidae_Family_Psyllidae:

Insects:Information#Triozidae_Family_Triozidae:

HYMENOPTERA Hymenoptera

Abdomen distinctly constricted at base and joined to front part of body by a narrow stalk; antennae usually elbowed or somewhat L-shaped; body usually hard (ants and wingless wasps)

Insects:Information#Suborder_Symphyta_Family_Suborder_Symphyta:

Insects:Information#Suborder_Apocrita_Family_Suborder_Apocrita:

ISOPODA Isopoda

Body somewhat flattened from top to bottom, but upper side is somewhat rounded; capable of rolling up into a ball; the head is small and indistinct, usually with two pairs of antennae; the thorax composes most of the body length and usually has eight segments, each with a pair of legs; the abdomen is shorter and less distinct, and usually has six segments, each with short appendages .....Phylum Arthropoda, in part, .....................................Class Crustacea ......Isopoda

Insects:Information#Isopoda_Family_Isopoda:

ORTHOPTERA Orthoptera

Hind legs long, adapted for jumping; body cylindrical or somewhat flattened from side to side (grasshoppers, crickets)

Insects:Information#Acrididae_Family_Acrididae:

Insects:Information#Gryllidae_Family_Gryllidae:

Insects:Information#Tettigoniidae_Family_Tettigoniidae:

MOLLUSCA/GASTROPODA Snails and Slugs

Body snail or sluglike; leaving slime trails that show paths of movements; feeds mostly at night. Phylum Mollusca; Body usually with a shell of various sizes ..Class Gastropoda, in part..snails; Body without a shell ..Class Gastropoda, in part..slugs

Insects:Information#Gastropoda_Family_Gastropoda:

NEMATODA Nematoda

Worms with an elongate, slender, unsegmented body of varying lengths; internal parasites in various parts of plants Phylum

Insects:Information#Nematoda_Family_Nematoda:

SYMPHYLA Symphyla

Wingless/Segmented/Small White -- Body small, about 1-8 mm in length; whitish in color, and with 15-22 (usually 15) body segments of which 10-12 bear legs; the head is well developed and distinct, and bears long, slender antennae

Insects:Information#Symphyla_Family_Symphyla:

THYSANOPTERA Thysanoptera

Body usually long and narrow, never covered by a scale; beak cone shaped; each leg ending in a blunt tip containing an eversible pad or bladder; minute insects, usually less than 5 mm in length (thrips)

Insects:Information#Thripidae_Family_Thripidae:

INSECT_KEY:_IMMATURE_INSECT_PESTS

'Key to Phyla, Classes and Orders of Immature (nonadult) Stages of Insect and Other Organism Crop Pests

'Use Table of Contents

THORAX:_0-3_PAIR_LEGS Thorax: 0-3 Pairs of Legs

Thorax with 0-3 pairs of legs ...........(Class Hexapoda (Insecta))

ABDOMEN:_SIX_SEGMENTS Abdomen with Six Segments

Antennae present but may be reduced or hidden. Abdomen with 6 segments, and with a single, often forked, ventral tube (collophore) on underside of segment 1, and usually with a jumping organ (furcula) on segment 4 or 5. Simple eyes often present on head; wing pads absent. Young insects when hatching from the egg resemble the adult stage and show no distinct external changes during development except in size; all growth stages appear very much the same ..(immature) Order Collembola

Insects:Information#Collembola_Family_Collembola:

(Antennae present or absent. Abdomen usually with more than 6 segments, but lacking a tubelike structure on underside of segment 1, and without a jumping organ on segment 4 or 5. Eyes present or absent. Young either resembling the adult stage or completely different ..........Continue to Nymph/Larvae Sections)

RESEMBLES_ADULT-NYMPHS Nymphs

Compound eyes usually present, rarely reduced or absent. Wing pads often present especially in later stages. Stemmata (simple eye spots) absent but dorsal and/or median ocelli (simple eyes with a single lens) may be present. Young insects (nymphs) when hatching from the egg resemble the adult stage in most respects. After a period of growth, the wings may appear on the outside of the body as small wing pads, and the more developed the young become the more they resemble the adult stage .......................(Hemimetabolous nymphs)

PIERCING/SUCKING_MOUTH_PARTS Piercing and Sucking Mouth parts

Head with mouth parts as part of a beak that may be triangular or styletlike for piercing and sucking, rarely absent.

HEAD_WITH_BEAK_UNSEGMENTED(THYSANOPTERA) Head with Beak Unsegmented (THYSANOPTERA)

Head with beak unsegmented, fleshy or hardened, and cone-shaped, bearing tiny palpi. Legs without claws and ending in a protrusible bladder (some consider these to be claws) ........................................(nymphs) Order Thysanoptera

Insects:Information#Thripidae_Family_Thripidae:

BEAK_FROM_FRONT_OF_HEAD(HETEROPTERA) Beak at Front of Head (HETEROPTERA)

Head with a jointed, triangular beak, which may be slender and needlelike, and without palpi. Legs with 2 claws but without a terminal protrusible bladder. Beak appearing to arise from front of head; ocelli absent. Front part of thorax usually prominent. Tarsi (series of short segments that form the tip of the leg) usually with 3 segments .............................(nymphs) Order Hemiptera (Suborder Heteroptera)

Insects:Information#Anthocoridae_Family_Anthocoridae:

Insects:Information#Coreidae_Family_Coreidae:

Insects:Information#Lygaeidae_Family_Lygaeidae:

Insects:Information#Miridae_Family_Miridae:

Insects:Information#Nabidae_Family_Nabidae:

Insects:Information#Pentatomidae_Family_Pentatomidae:

Insects:Information#Reduviidae_Family_Reduviidae:

Insects:Information#Rhopalidae_Family_Rhopalidae:

Insects:Information#Tingidae_Family_Tingidae:

BEAK_AT_UNDERNEATH_BACK_OF_HEAD(HOMOPTERA) Beak Underneath Back of Head (HOMOPTERA)

Beak appearing to arise from underneath at back of head; ocelli present or absent. Tarsi with 1-3 segments ............................................(immatures) Order Hemiptera (Suborder Homoptera) Mouth parts of piercing-sucking type, with needlelike stylets arising from rear of head. Palpi absent .............(immature Coccoidea with legs) Order Hemiptera (Suborder Homoptera) Body covered with a waxylike substance, frequently scalelike in form ......................................................(immature Coccoidea in part; Aleyrodoidea) Order Hemiptera (Suborder Homoptera) Mouth parts jawlike for chewing, or mandibles and maxillae long, usually sickle-shaped, and closely united to form sucking jaws arising from front of head. Palpi present, and may be segmented, or present as small disks, or mammiform, or conical protuberances.

Insects:Information#Aleyrodidae_Family_Aleyrodidae:

Insects:Information#Aphididae_Family_Aphididae:

Insects:Information#Cercopidae_Family_Cercopidae:

Insects:Information#Cicadellidae_Family_Cicadellidae:

Insects:Information#Coccidae_Family_Coccidae:

Insects:Information#Diaspididae_Family_Diaspididae:

Insects:Information#Margarodidae_Family_Margarodidae:

Insects:Information#Pseudococcidae_Family_Pseudococcidae:

Insects:Information#Psyllidae_Family_Psyllidae:

Insects:Information#Triozidae_Family_Triozidae:

CHEWING_MOWTHPARTS Chewing Mouth parts

Head with mouth parts jawlike for chewing; if beaklike, then with jaws distinct and separate for chewing.

LEGS:_JUMPING--ORTHOPTERA Orthoptera

Hind legs with femur enlarged for jumping ........................................................(nymphs) Order Orthoptera

Insects:Information#Acrididae_Family_Acrididae:

Insects:Information#Gryllidae_Family_Gryllidae:

Insects:Information#Tettigoniidae_Family_Tettigoniidae:

LEGS:_GRASPING--MANTODEA Mantodea

Front portion of thorax elongate, much longer than middle portion of thorax. Front legs enlarged and modified for grasping prey .........................(nymphs) Order Mantodea

Insects:Information#Mantidae_Family_Mantidae:

LEGS:_WALKING_(THORAX_SHIELDLIKE)--BLATTODEA Blattodea

Head vertical, directed downward or slanting posteriorly. Front part of thorax shieldlike, with rounded margins, usually covering all or part of head. Body flattened and rather oval in shape. Tip of abdomen without a pair of single segmented, forcepslike process ..................(nymphs) Order Blattodea

Insects:Information#Blattellidae_Family_Blattellidae:

Insects:Information#Blattidae_Family_Blattidae:

LEGS:_WALKING_(PINCHERLIKE_ABDOMEN)--DERMAPTERA Dermaptera

Head horizontal with mouth parts directed forward. Front part of thorax not shieldlike, and not covering the head. Body usually cylindrical and more elongate. Tip of abdomen with a pair of single segmented processes whose tips are somewhat directed toward each other; these processes becoming more forcepslike in later growth stages ..(nymphs) Order Dermaptera

Insects:Information#Forficulidae_Family_Forficulidae:

DOES_NOT_RESEMBLE_ADULT-LARVAE Larvae

Compound eyes absent. Wing pads absent. Stemmata often present and in a few instances a number of stemmata may be present and grouped into a pseudocompound eye. Young insects (larvae) when hatching from the egg appear very different than the adult stage. The body shape and the appendages are usually very different from those of the adult; the body is often soft, thin skinned, or weakly hardened .....................(Holometabolous larvae)

PINCHER_MOUTH_PARTS Strong Pincherlike Mouth parts (Order Neuroptera)

Mouth parts united to form long, strong, piercing-sucking jaws; palpi absent ........................(larvae) Order Neuroptera

Insects:Information#Chrysopidae_Family_Chrysopidae:

Insects:Information#Hemerobiidae_Family_Hemerobiidae:

ADFRONTAL_AREA_PRESENT Adfrontal Area Present

Adfrontal areas present; abdomen with 2 or more pairs of soft, unsegmented, fleshy or peglike prolegs (any process that serves the purpose of a leg but is not a true, segmented leg) that may or may not have crochets (hooks) (if fleshy prolegs appear to be absent but crochets (hooks) are present, then prolegs are considered to be present)

PROLEGS--LEPIDOPTERA,MOST_FAMILIES Lepidoptera (Most Families)

Adfrontal area of head present; body elongate, usually cylindrical, but with 5 or fewer pairs of prolegs; if prolegs are also present on segments 2 and 7 then these prolegs without crochets. Head variable but with adfrontal areas; up to 6 pairs of stemmata often present. Abdominal segments with or without secondary annulets. Prolegs, usually 2-5 pairs, present on abdominal segments 3-6 and 10; if prolegs are also present on segments 2 and 7, then these 2 prolegs without crochets. Crochets are arranged in rows or circles, are usually hooklike but may be more spinelike in those forms that mine in plant tissues. Head with several adfrontal areas (certain distinct platelike pieces separated by lines or sutures) If (more rarely) prolegs are absent, or are present on different abdominal segments, and if adfrontal areas are present on the head........... (true caterpillars of most larvae of families treated here except for those in the next sections) Order Lepidoptera.

Insects:Information#Arctiidae_Family_Arctiidae:

Insects:Information#Lasiocampidae_Family_Lasiocampidae:

Insects:Information#Lymantriidae_Family_Lymantriidae:

Insects:Information#Notodontidae_Family_Notodontidae:

Insects:Information#Pieridae_Family_Pieridae:

Insects:Information#Plutellidae_Family_Plutellidae:

Insects:Information#Psychidae_Family_Psychidae:

Insects:Information#Pyralidae_Family_Pyralidae:

Insects:Information#Saturniidae_Family_Saturniidae:

Insects:Information#Sesiidae_Family_Sesiidae:

Insects:Information#Sphingidae_Family_Sphingidae:

Insects:Information#Tingidae_Family_Tingidae:

Insects:Information#Tortricidae_Family_Tortricidae:

Insects:Information#Zygaenidae_Family_Zygaenidae:

PROLEGS_PRESENT/MOUTH_PARTS_FORWARD--LEPIDOPTERA;FAMILY,GRACILLARIIDAE Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae

Prolegs on segments 3-5 represented by suckerlike disks, absent on segment 6; body normal; head and mouth parts directed forward ....(larvae, some members of the) Family Gracillariidae

Insects:Information#Gracillariidae_Family_Gracillariidae:

PROLEGS_PRESENT/MOUTH_PARTS_DOWNWARD--LEPIDOPTERA;FAMILY,NOCTUIDAE Lepidoptera, Noctuidae

Prolegs present on segments 4-6 and 10, or on segments 5-6 and 10; if present on segments 3-5 and 10 those on segments 5 and 6 subequal in size, and those on segments 3 and 4 somewhat reduced toward the front; body normal; head and mouth parts directed downward ......................................................(larvae, some members of the) Family Noctuidae

Insects:Information#Noctuidae_Family_Noctuidae:

PROLEGS_ABSENT/MOUTH_PARTS_FORWARD--LEPIDOPTERA;FAMILY,GELECHIIDAE Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae

Prolegs absent; body normal; head and mouth parts directed forward .....(larvae, some members of the) Family Gelechiidae

Insects:Information#Gelechiidae_Family_Gelechiidae:

PROLEGS_ABSENT/MOUTH_PARTS_DOWNWARD--LEPIDOPTERA;FAMILY,LIMACODIDAE Lepidoptera, Limacodidae

Prolegs absent but suckerlike disks may be present; body often sluglike; head and mouth parts directed downward ...............................................(larvae) Family Limacodidae

Insects:Information#Limacodidae_Family_Limacodidae: Insects:Information#Limacodidae_Family_Limacodidae:

PROLEGS_ABSENT/MOUTH_DOWNWARD--LEPIDOPTERA;FAMILY,GEOMETRIDAE Lepidoptera, Geometridae

Prolegs absent from segments 3-5, but present on segments 6 and 10; body normal; head and mouth parts directed downward ..............(larvae, some members of the) Family Geometridae

Insects:Information#Geometridae_Family_Geometridae:

ADFRONTAL_AREAS_ABSENT Adfrontal Area Absent

Adfrontal areas absent; abdomen with no fleshy prolegs or with 1 terminal pair that may bear 1-3 claws or setae or spines; prolegs rarely present on apparent 8th or last segment; sometimes nublike prolegs bearing multiple, irregularly arranged small spines are present on abdominal segments 2, 3, 2-4, or 2-5.

PROLEGS_PRESENT--HYMENOPTERA;SUBORDER,SYMPHYTA Hymenoptera, Symphyta

Adfrontal area of head absent; body elongate, usually cylindrical and caterpillarlike, but have more than 5 pairs of prolegs that are without crochets. The head is globose and directed downward or is flattened and directed forward, and is much more hardened than rest of body; usually with only 1 pair of stemmata (simple eyes) but these may be absent. Abdominal segments 1-8 each with 2-7 annulets (not indicating true segmental joints) on the upper surface; prolegs are present on segments 2-7 and 10, or 2-8 and 10, those on segment 10 sometimes fused .................(larvae, Family Tenthredinidae) Order Hymenoptera

Insects:Information#Suborder_Symphyta_Family_Suborder_Symphyta:

PROLEGS_ABSENT--HYMENOPTERA;SUBORDER,APIOCRITA Hymenoptera, Apiocrita

Body usually grublike or maggotlike, elongate and cylindrical but usually tapered toward the hind end and sometimes toward the front end; the body may be rather straight or vaguely U-shaped. The head is weakly hardened, unpigmented or only lightly so; stemmata absent but a pair of pigmented streaks may be present on upper surface of head capsule. Thoracic legs absent; abdominal prolegs absent ........ Order Hymenoptera

Insects:Information#Suborder_Apocrita_Family_Suborder_Apocrita:

COLEOPTERA_C-SHAPED Coleoptera

Body often soft and curled or curved in a C- or U-shape, but sometimes elongate, cylindrical and may be heavily hardened. The head capsule usually is distinct, hardened and deeply pigmented; sometimes the head capsule is greatly reduced and may be withdrawn into the front segment of the thorax; mandibles usually distinct, opposable and fitted for chewing, crushing or grasping and sucking ....(larvae) Order Coleoptera

Insects:Information#Anobiidae_Family_Anobiidae:

Insects:Information#Bruchidae_Family_Bruchidae:

Insects:Information#Chrysomelidae_Family_Chrysomelidae:

Insects:Information#Curculionidae_Family_Curculionidae:

Insects:Information#Dermestidae_Family_Dermestidae:

Insects:Information#Meloidae_Family_Meloidae:

Insects:Information#Scarabaeidae_Family_Scarabaeidae:

Insects:Information#Scolytidae_Family_Scolytidae:

COLEOPTERA_STRAIGHT Coleoptera

Body often soft, elongated, and flat. The head capsule usually is distinct, hardened and deeply pigmented; sometimes the head capsule is greatly reduced and may be withdrawn into the front segment of the thorax; mandibles usually distinct, opposable and fitted for chewing, crushing or grasping and sucking ....(larvae) Order Coleoptera

Insects:Information#Brentidae_Family_Brentidae:

Insects:Information#Elateridae_Family_Elateridae:

Insects:Information#Nitidulidae_Family_Nitidulidae:

Insects:Information#Silvanidae_Family_Silvanidae:

Insects:Information#Tenebrionidae_Family_Tenebrionidae:

COLEOPTERA_LEGS Coleoptera

Body often hard and oval in shape. The head capsule usually is distinct, hardened and deeply pigmented; sometimes the head capsule is greatly reduced and may be withdrawn into the front segment of the thorax; mandibles usually distinct, opposable and fitted for chewing, crushing or grasping and sucking ....(larvae) Order Coleoptera

Insects:Information#Coccinellidae_Family_Coccinellidae:

SOFT_BODY/HEAD_LARGE--DIPTERA;NEMATOCERA Diptera, Nematocera

Body highly variable, often elongate and soft or only slightly hardened; rarely C- or U-shaped. Head capsule usually hardened, complete and exserted, but sometimes partially withdrawn into the front segment of the thorax and incomplete as a result of excisions in the hind area of the head capsule; mandibles normally moving in a horizontal or oblique plane, rarely hooklike or sickle-shaped ..................(Suborder Nematocera, larvae of more primitive families) Order Diptera

Insects:Information#Cecidomyiidae_Family_Cecidomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Culicidae_Family_Culicidae:

Insects:Information#Tephritidae_Family_Tephritidae:

HEAD_SMALL--DIPTERA;BRACHYCERA Diptera, Brachycera

Head capsule variously reduced posteriorly and may be partially or totally retracted within the front area of the thorax, or it may be replaced by an internal cephalopharyngeal skeleton; if appearing complete and permanently exserted then with a slender, hardened rod that extends backward into the front segment of the thorax; mandibles moving parallel to one another in a vertical plane, and usually are hooklike or sickle-shaped .....................(Suborder Brachycera, larvae of more advanced families) Order Diptera

Insects:Information#Agromyzidae_Family_Agromyzidae:

Insects:Information#Anthomyiidae_Family_Anthomyiidae:

Insects:Information#Drosophilidae_Family_Drosophilidae:

Insects:Information#Muscidae_Family_Muscidae:

Insects:Information#Otitidae_Family_Otitidae:

Insects:Information#Syrphidae_Family_Syrphidae:

Insects:Information#Tachinidae_Family_Tachinidae:

THORAX:_FOUR_PAIR_LEGS Thorax: 4 Pairs of Legs

Thorax with 4 pairs of segmented legs (also with other appendages on the head that may appear leglike). Antennae absent (but other appendages may be present and used as antennae). Abdomen without segmentation or segments only visible on top of abdomen. Tip of abdomen, on underside, with spinning organs, or, if absent, then body usually minute ....... (Class Arachnida)

HEAD/THORAX/ABDOMEN_SEGMENTED Head, Thorax, and Abdomen Segmented

Abdomen joined to anterior part of body by a slender petiole or stalk. Spinning organs present under the anus at tip of abdomen ...............................(Spiders) Order

Insects:Information#Araneae_Family_Araneae:

HEAD/THORAX/ABDOMEN_FUSED Head, Thorax, and Abdomen Fused

Abdomen and rest of body broadly fused into what appears to be one piece; body often saclike. Spinning organs absent ...............................................(Mites) Order Acari

Insects:Information#Acaridae_Family_Acaridae:

Insects:Information#Eriophyidae_Family_Eriophyidae:

Insects:Information#Penthaleidae_Family_Penthaleidae:

Insects:Information#Ixodidae_Family_Ixodidae:

Insects:Information#Tarsonemidae_Family_Tarsonemidae:

Insects:Information#Tenuipalpidae_Family_Tenuipalpidae:

Insects:Information#Tetranychidae_Family_Tetranychidae:

THORAX:_FIVE_OR_MORE_PAIR_LEGS Thorax: 5 or More Pairs Legs

With 5 or more pairs of segmented legs. Antennae present. Abdomen with distinct segmentation both on upper and lower sides. Spinning organs absent.

6-7_PAIRS_OF_LEGS 6-7 Pairs of Legs

Body with 6 or 7 pairs of walking legs followed by 5 pairs of small flat plates (Pleopods) and 1 pair of taillike, forked legs (Uropods) ..................................(Crustacea: Class Malacostraca) (Pillbugs, sowbugs) ........Order Isopoda

Insects:Information#Isopoda_Family_Isopoda:

1ONE_PAIR_LEGS_PER_SEGMENT One Pair Legs Per Segment

Body segments not fused in pairs, and with only 1 pair of legs per segment (3-4 segments may lack legs); when hatching from egg usually with 6 pairs of legs, adults with 11 or 12 pairs of legs. Usually white in color; rarely over 10 mm long .............(Class Symphyla) (immature and adult symphylans)

Insects:Information#Symphyla_Family_Symphyla:

1TWO_PAIR_LEGS_PER_SEGMENT Two Pair Legs Per Segment

Body segments, after segment 3, appearing to have 2 pairs of legs per segment; when hatching from egg with 3-4 pairs of legs, adults with 13 or more pairs of legs. Mostly dark colored but may be pale brownish, rarely white; often over 10 mm long .....(Class Diplopoda) (immature and adult millipedes)

Insects:Information#Diplopoda_Family_Diplopoda: